
Clinical Trials
Ongoing clinical trials and real-world patient data collection are critical to the development of our range of proprietary products and to accelerate the path to regulatory approval
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Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects approximately 1 in 150 Australians, with its prevalence growing at a faster rate than any other disability.1
Unlike conventional treatments, cannabinoid-based medicines can help alleviate the core symptoms of autism because they mimic the naturally occurring compounds in our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS).
The ECS is a major physiological regulator of chemicals in our brain and throughout our body, particularly the gut and immune system. It acts as a neuromodulating network to regulate emotional responses, behavioural reactivity and social interactions.
One such compound is called Anandamide, that our bodies make in response to stress or injury. Children with autism have lower concentrations of this chemical and can’t respond to the stress. If there’s a deficiency, suggesting a dysfunctional ECS, the pharmacologic potential of cannabinoids to treat the symptoms and comorbidities of autism is significant.
A study by Kuester et al. 2017 found treatment with cannabinoid-based medicine was significantly more effective than with conventional treatments for autism and well tolerated overall.
To date there have been six studies with over 300 patients involved in our clinical trials. Zelira has brought to market a range of proprietary products that were developed in consultation with the Autism community to address ongoing unmet needs. We have conducted observational trials in the USA and currently have an Australian trial recruiting patients now.
Australian Observational trial - Emerald Clinics
Zelira have completed an observational study through Emerald Clinics to gather real world evidence to support the use of our proprietary medicinal cannabis-based oils in children with autism aged 6 years and above.
The longitudinal Observational study investigated the safety and effectiveness of specific Zelira products in helping to improve autism behaviours such as mood changes, hyperactivity, aggression, self-injury and meltdowns. The study involved 45 patients and included CGI (Clinical Global Impression) scale measurements for up to 8.9 months in some patients.

To read the White Paper outlining the results of this study please see the Australian observational study White Paper
USA Observational trial - Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Zelira Therapeutics sponsored an observational trial with researchers at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia to study the use of cannabinoid-based treatments in paediatric autism in controlled clinical settings. 124 patients enrolled.
The research investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medicinal cannabis products and their effectiveness in the treatment of paediatric autism. Zelira’s proprietary formulations were included in the study design. The study has provided a platform for future clinical trials and product development with the results in a paper submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
Doctors + Specialists Click here for more information on our products
Patients Click here for more information on accessing our range
Insomnia
Insomnia is a sleep disorder that affects approximately 60% of adult Australians, with up to 14.8% developing chronic insomnia.2
Cannabinoid-based medicines can help alleviate insomnia because they mimic the naturally occurring compounds in our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS).
The body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major physiological regulator of chemicals in our brain and throughout our body. It’s involved in the regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle, including the maintenance and promotion of sleep. Lack of sleep can lead to dysregulation of the ECS.
Current medicines for insomnia have serious long-term effects. Short-term use of cannabinoid-based medicines may have a therapeutic impact on sleep. THC is known to have sedating properties, while CBD promotes slow wave sleep.
Zelira’s formulation is a safe and effective alternative - a proprietary pharmaceutical grade product with supporting clinical data for chronic insomnia . The results of this successful, world-first medicinal cannabis clinical trial targeting chronic insomnia have been published in the prestigious ‘Sleep’ Journal and can be viewed here and in the table below.
Our product for insomnia is approved for sale in Australia and is available via prescription from a registered doctor under the Special Access Scheme.
Clinical trial Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia (UWA)
This world-first medicinal cannabis research program was undertaken in collaboration with the Centre for Sleep Science UWA. It studied the effect of a cannabinoid-based medicine taken for 2 weeks on insomnia symptoms in people who have chronic insomnia.
ZTL-101 Improved Insomnia Severity (Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Scores)

- ISI scores significantly improved following ZTL-101 treatment vs placebo at all doses.
- High dose of ZTL-101 achieved a 36% reduction in ISI scores.
- High dose of ZTL-101 saw people move from ’Moderate Severity’ to ‘Sub Clinical’ clinical insomnia.
References:
Statistical significance calculated using adjusted means for low dose subgroup (ZTL-101 vs placebo-18.7 ISI) and high dose subgroup (ZTL-101 vs placebo- 17.4 ISI). *p<0.05, **p<0.005.
ZTL-101 Improved Objective Measures Of Sleep (Actigraphy)
Responses improved with increasing dose
ZTL-101 vs Placebo |
Total Sleep Time (min) |
Sleep Efficiency (%) |
Wake After Sleep Onset (min) |
Sleep Onset Latency (min) |
Low dose (n=11) |
↑ 28* | ↑ 2.61 | ↑ 9.52 | ↑ 0.25 |
High dose (n=12) |
↑ 42** | ↑ 3.57** | ↑ 12.31 | ↑ 1.19* |
Average | ↑ 33** | ↑ 2.89** | ↑ 10.17* | ↑ 0.41 |
Relative to placebo, ZTL-101 significantly:
- Increased the time people spent asleep
- Decreased the amount of time people spent awake during the night
Definitions:
Total Sleep Time (TST): Total amount of time spent asleep over the night. Sleep Efficiency (SE): Proportion of the time spent asleep during the night relative to the time spent in bed trying to sleep. Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO): Amount of time spent awake after sleep onset. Sleep Onset Latency (SOL): Time taken to fall asleep at the start of the night.
References:
Statistical significance calculated using adjusted means for ZTL-101 vs placebo. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.001
ZTL-101 Improved Subjective Measures Of Sleep (Patient Sleep Diaries)
Responses improved with increasing dose
ZTL-101 vs Placebo |
Total Sleep Time (min) |
Rating of Quality of Sleep (1-5) |
Rating of how rested people felt upon waking (1-5) |
Sleep Onset Latency (min) |
Low dose (n=11) |
↑ 60* | ↑ 0.53* | ↑ 0.26 | ↑ 10.2 |
High dose (n=12) |
↑ 78** | ↑ 0.98** | ↑ 0.75** | ↑ 10.5 |
Average | ↑ 65** | ↑ 0.74** | ↑ 0.51* | ↑ 8.5* |
Relative to placebo, ZTL-101 significantly:
- Increased the time people thought they spent asleep
- Improved the quality of sleep people felt they had
- Improved how rested people felt on waking
References:
Statistical significance calculated using adjusted means for ZTL-101 vs placebo. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.001
ZTL-101 Improved Quality of Life (Subjective Questionnaires)
ZTL-101 vs Placebo |
|
|
|||||||||||||
Low dose (n=11) |
↑ 28* | ↑ 2.61* | ↑ 9.52 | ↑ 0.25 | ↑ 0.25 | ||||||||||
High dose (n=12) |
↑ 1.38 | ↑ 1.0 | ↑ 3.63 | ↑ 0.63* | ↑ 2.13 | ||||||||||
Average | ↑ 1.57** | ↑ 1.37* | ↑ 3.71* | ↑ 0.6* | ↑ 2.2* |
Relative to placebo, ZTL-101 significantly:
- Reduced total fatigue – particularly mental fatigue
- Improved the ability of people to function – particularly the ability to manage the home
References:
Questionnaires: 1. Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, 2. Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), Statistical significance calculated using adjusted means for ZTL-101 vs placebo. * p ≤ 0.05, ** p≤ 0.001
Australian Observational trial - Emerald Clinics
Zelira have completed a Real World Data study through Emerald Clinics to gather real world evidence to support the use of our proprietary medicinal cannabis-based oils in adults with chronic, unresolved insomnia.
The longitudinal Real World Data study investigated the safety and effectiveness of a specific Zelira product in helping to improve insomnia in a real world population of 94 patients. Some patients in the trial took the study medication for up to 10.8 months.

To read the White Paper outlining the results of this study please see the Australian observational study White Paper
Doctors + Specialists Click here for more information on our products
Patients Click here for more information on accessing our range
Chronic pain
Chronic pain affects 1 in 5 Australians aged 45 and over. It’s a common and complex condition characterised by persistent pain on most days of the week3
The conventional treatment for chronic pain is prescription opioids, but these medications have serious side-effects including physical adherence. The growing number of people with opioid addiction comes with a high mortality rate that has clinicians looking for a non-drug treatment to reduce this global epidemic.
In Australia, the rate of accidental deaths due to opioids has doubled for people aged 35 to 44 since 2007, with more than two-thirds of these deaths due to pharmaceutical opioids3.
Zelira believes there’s clear potential to use cannabinoids to reduce the use of opioids in patients requiring chronic pain management. We’re expanding our portfolio of cannabinoid-based products that target chronic pain.
Clinical trial St Vincent’s Hospital VIC & Emerald Clinics
Zelira Therapeutics partnered with St Vincent’s Hospital and Emerald Clinics to study the effect of cannabinoid medications on people who are dependent on high doses of opioids to manage their chronic pain.
The successful results of the Phase 1 clinical trial found that treatment with cannabinoid-based medicine was well tolerated with no serious adverse effects. Additionally there was a dose–responsive improvement in subjective measures of pain, stress, anxiety and depression. Details of the Phase 1 clinical trial results can be viewed here.
Clinical trial Levin Health
Zelira has also partnered with Levin Health, to undertake a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a proprietary cannabinoid formulation tailored for sports related chronic pain (retired athlete cohort).
References
- A snapshot of Autism in Australia https://australianautismalliance.org.au/autism-snapshot-2/
- Chronic insomnia disorder in Australia. Sleep Health Foundation https://www.sleephealthfoundation.org.au/news/special-reports/chronic-insomnia-disorder-in-australia.html
- Chronic pain in Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare May 2020; https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-disease/chronic-pain-in-australia/contents/summary